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应用于体外诊断仪器的多通道RFID读写系统设计

电子技术应用

马文涛，李中举，侯剑平

安图实验仪器（郑州）有限公司

摘要： 为实现医疗体外诊断仪器流水线式样本检测数据的实时绑定和患者诊断信息的追踪处理，设计了一种应用于体外诊断免疫检测模块传输轨道及试剂盘检测的多通道RFID（Radio Frequency Identification）读写系统。该系统由5路射频天线多路转换接口及微控制单元（Micro Controller Unit， MCU）组成，上位机采用串口通信，支持射频标签数据读写、发射增益可调、密钥保护、声光报警及远程串口在线升级功能等。解决了金属轨道内部射频通信和传统每个射频天线都需要匹配一套读写控制系统导致检测系统冗余的问题，并能够满足试剂体外诊断模块内部传输轨道和试剂盘检测两种定距天线通信的要求。实验结果表明，在金属轨道内经天线优化后的阻抗匹配为50.718 Ω，驻波比为1.11，并通过程序调整射频芯片发射和接收功率数值，可使得含S50标签样本读取距离达26 mm，读取成功率为100%，可满足体外诊断线体数据读写的要求。

關鍵詞： 体外诊断免疫系统检测模块 RFID 阻抗匹配驻波比

中圖分類號：TP391 文獻標志碼：A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.257135
中文引用格式： 馬文濤，李中舉，侯劍平. 應用于體外診斷儀器的多通道RFID讀寫系統設計*[J]. 電子技術應用，2026，52(5)：86-91.
英文引用格式： Ma Wentao，Li Zhongju，Hou Jianping. Design of multi-channel RFID reading and writing system applied to in vitro diagnostic instruments[J]. Application of Electronic Technique，2026，52(5)：86-91.

Design of multi-channel RFID reading and writing system applied to in vitro diagnostic instruments

Ma Wentao，Li Zhongju，Hou Jianping

Autobio Labtec Instruments Co.，Ltd.

Abstract： To realize real-time integration of sample detection data and traceability processing of patient diagnostic information in the in vitro diagnostic instrument assembly line, a multi-channel RFID read/write system was developed for the transmission track and reagent tray detection of the in vitro diagnostic immunoassay module. The system comprises a five-channel RF antenna multiplexing interface and an micro control unit. The host computer communicates via serial communication and supports functionalities such as RF tag data read/write operations, adjustable transmission gain, key protection, audio-visual alarm, and remote serial online firmware upgrades. This design effectively addresses the limitations of traditional systems, which suffer from redundant detection mechanisms due to the need for separate read/write control units for each RF antenna and the challenges of RF communication within metal tracks. Furthermore, the system meets the communication requirements of two types of fixed-distance antennas used for internal transmission track and reagent tray detection in the in vitro diagnostic module. Experimental results indicate that after antenna optimization within the metal track, the impedance matching reaches 50.718 Ω, with a standing wave ratio of 1.11. By adjusting the transmit and receive power settings of the RF chip through software, the read distance for samples equipped with S50 tags reaches 26 mm, achieving a 100% read success rate, thereby satisfying the data read/write requirements of the in vitro diagnostic production line.

Key words : in vitro diagnostic（IVD）；immune system detection module；RFID；impedance matching；standing wave ratio

引言

隨著精準醫療和大數據分析的發展，醫療樣本檢測量及單患者樣本檢測頻次逐年增加[1]，使得流水線智能化檢測需求日益加大。免疫系統流水線智能檢測線體可配組進樣模塊、開蓋模塊、離心模塊、出樣模塊以及多個生化、免疫分析模塊進行多項目多種類流水線式患者樣本檢測，工作流程如圖1所示。在多樣本體外診斷儀器檢測樣本時，患者血液樣本或其他體液需要進行一管多用及重復檢測標定[2-3]并實時了解檢驗結果。所以，患者檢測信息在檢測儀器中的位置流向及信息綁定追蹤[4]，成為免疫體外診斷不可缺少的一環，而無接觸的信息通信技術更為醫療樣本安全檢測提供了保護和交互通路[5-6]。

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