欧盟刑事跨境电子取证制度的新发展及启示
网络安全与数据治理
孙键
西南交通大学公共管理学院
摘要： 在数据时代，刑事犯罪与网络空间的深入融合凸显了电子数据证据在刑案侦破中的重要地位。跨境涉网刑案的日益增多也让各国日益关注跨境电子取证制度的建设。在复杂的案件环境中，我国目前大力推行的刑事司法协助制度有着适用范围小、启动后效率低的问题。作为补充的单边跨境电子取证制度则仅以缺乏有效监督体系、范围同样有限的网络在线提取为主。二者均难以满足跨境电子取证高效率、取证充分的需求。以欧盟《电子证据条例》（European Production and Preservation Orders Regulation）为参考，可以看到属人主义单边跨境电子取证制度成为国际主流。有鉴于欧盟单边跨境电子取证制度中对传统主权理论的突破，我国应当率先构建以网络服务商为取证节点的属人主义刑事单边跨境电子取证制度，再考虑刑事司法协助的改良方法，这有利于提高效率，充分取证，助力涉网跨境刑事案件的侦破，掌握国际网络空间的主动性与话语权，维护我国数据主权。
中圖分類號：D924.3文獻標識碼：ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.05.012
引用格式：孫鍵. 歐盟刑事跨境電子取證制度的新發展及啟示［J］.網絡安全與數據治理，2025，44（5）：78-84.
引用格式：孫鍵. 歐盟刑事跨境電子取證制度的新發展及啟示［J］.網絡安全與數據治理，2025，44（5）：78-84.
The new developments and enlightenments of the EU′s cross-border electronic evidence collection system in criminal matters
Sun Jian
School of Public Affairs & Law, Southwest Jiaotong University
Abstract： In the era of data, the deep integration of criminal activities with cyberspace highlights the important role of electronic data evidence in criminal case detection. The increasing number of cross-border cyber crimes also draws increasing attention from countries to the construction of cross-border electronic evidence collection systems. In the complex case environment, the criminal judicial assistance system that is currently being vigorously promoted in our country has problems such as a small scope of application and low efficiency after initiation. The unilateral cross-border electronic evidence collection system, which serves as a supplement, mainly relies on online extraction with a limited scope and lacks an effective supervision system. Neither of them can meet the needs of improving efficiency and obtaining sufficient evidence in cross-border electronic evidence collection. Taking the European Production and Preservation Orders Regulation as a reference, it can be seen that the personalism unilateral cross-border electronic evidence collection system has become the international mainstream. In view of the breakthrough of traditional sovereignty theory in the EU′s unilateral cross-border electronic evidence collection system, China should take the lead in building a personalism-based criminal unilateral cross-border electronic evidence collection system with network service providers as the evidence collection nodes. Then, we should consider the improvement methods of criminal judicial assistance. This will improve efficiency, ensure sufficient evidence collection, assist in the investigation and resolution of cross-border cybercrime cases, and enable us to take the initiative and have a say in the international cyberspace, thereby safeguarding our country′s dat
Key words : cross-border evidence collection; electronic data; data sovereignty; protective jurisdiction; personality
引言
隨著犯罪與網絡信息技術的融合不斷深化，絕大多數犯罪轉變為觸網犯罪，電子數據證據亦是打擊涉網犯罪的主要證據類型［1］。2024年2月7日，最高人民法院發布跨境電信網絡詐騙及其關聯犯罪典型案例8起，其中在被告人謝某浩、陳某旺詐騙、偷越國（邊）境，被告人林某掩飾、隱瞞犯罪所得案中指出：“近年來，一些不法分子為逃避國內打擊、牟取非法利益，紛紛將詐騙窩點轉移至境外，相當一部分人員偷越國境后盤踞在緬甸北部等地成立犯罪集團或組成犯罪團伙，對境內居民實施電信網絡詐騙犯罪?！笨梢姡覈淌聜刹闄C關跨境收集境外儲存網絡數據的需求正在不斷增加。
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作者信息：
孫鍵
（西南交通大學公共管理學院，四川成都610031）
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